ASSIGNMENT 3

PICTURE TO SUPPORT :)

POLAR ICE CAPS GEOLOGIC HISTORY

HISTORY OF ICE CAPS.

Although the polar ice caps have been in existence for millions of years, scientists disagree over exactly how long they have survived in their present form. It is generally agreed that the polar cap north of the Arctic Circle, which covers the Arctic Ocean, has undergone contraction and expansion through some 26 different glaciations in just the past few million years. Parts of the Arctic have been covered by the polar ice cap for at least the last five million years, with estimates ranging up to 15 million. The Antarctic ice cap is more controversial; although many scientists believe extensive ice has existed there for 15 million years, others suggest that volcanic activity on the western half of the continent it covers causes the ice to decay, and the current south polar ice cap is therefore no more than about three million years old.

At least five times since the formation of the earth, because of changes in global climate, the polar ice has expanded north and south toward the equator and has stayed there for at least a million years. The earliest of these known ice ages was some two billion years ago, during the Huronian epoch of the Precambrian era. The most recent ice age began about 1.7 million years in the Pleistocene epoch. It was characterized by a number of fluctuations in North polar ice, some of which expanded over much of modern North America and Europe, covered up to half of the existing continents, and measured as much as 1.8 mi (3 km) deep in some places. These glacial expansions locked up even more water, dropping sea levels worldwide by more than 300 ft (100 m).Animal species that had adapted to cold wheather, like the mammoth, thrived in the polar conditions of the Pleistocene glaciations, and their ranges stretched south into what is now the southern United States.

The glaciers completed their retreat and settled in their present positions about 10–12,000 years ago. There have been other fluctuations in global temperatures on a smaller scale, however, that have sometimes been known popularly as ice ages. The 400 year period between the fourteenth and the eighteenth centuries is sometimes called the Little Ice Age. Contemporaries noted that the Baltic Sea froze over twice in the first decade of the 1300s. Temperatures in Europe fell enough to shorten the growing season, and the production of grain in Scandinavia dropped precipitously as a result. The Norse communities in Greenland could no longer be maintained and were abandoned by the end of the fifteenth century. Scientists argue that data indicate that we are currently in an interglacial period, and that North polar ice will again move south some time in the next 23,000 years.

THE ICE CAPS IS MELTING!

ASSIGNMENT 2
the PROCESS

First, i draw the mountain with pn tool and using blue colour as the colour of the mountain

Then, i added th sky with light blue colour to make it look smoother.

I create a sea using pen tool with colours of balck white and blue using gradient.

Finally, i use pen tool again to create ice on top of the sea using light blue.

PICTURES PICTURES PICTURES :)

AFFECTED ANIMALS :)

ASSIGNMENT 2 ENDS :)

FINAL PRESENTATION

SHAPES:

Melting ice cream:represents the earths is sinking because of the ice cap melting

Cone:Shows the humanity only stand together but not helping the earth from melting

Mouth:Represent the earth is wanting itself to stop from melting

Eyes:The expression of the earth

COLOUR:

green:land

blue:the ice cap melting

white:some parts that is is still hoping that can save

black:the eyes

chocolate:the humanity

GLOBAL WARMING RESEARCH

Global warming -- a gradual increase in planet-wide temperatures -- is now well documented and accepted by scientists as fact. A panel convened by the U.S National Research Council, the nation's premier science policy body, in June 2006 voiced a "high level of confidence" that Earth is the hottest it has been in at least 400 years, and possibly even the last 2,000 years. Studies indicate that the average global surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.5-1.0°F (0.3-0.6°C) over the last century. This is the largest increase in surface temperature in the last 1,000 years and scientists are predicting an even greater increase over this century. This warming is largely attributed to the increase of greenhouse gases (primarily carbon dioxide and methane) in the Earth's upper atmosphere caused by human burning of fossil fuels, industrial, farming, and deforestation activities.
Average global temperatures may increase by 1.4-5.8ºC (that's 2.5 - 10.4º F) by the end of the 21st century. Although the numbers sound small, they can trigger significant changes in climate. (The difference between global temperatures during an Ice Age and an ice-free period is only about 5ºC.) Besides resulting in more hot days, many scientists believe an increase in temperatures may lead to changes in precipitation and weather patterns. Warmer ocean water may result in more intense and frequent tropical storms and hurricanes. Sea levels are also expected to increase by 0.09 - 0.88 m. in the next century, mainly from melting glaciers and expanding seawater . Global warming may also affect wildlife and species that cannot survive in warmer environments may become extinct. Finally, human health is also at stake, as global warming may result in the spreading of certain diseases such as malaria, the flooding of major cities, a greater risk of heat stroke for individuals, and poor air quality.

THE STEPS OF MAKING MY SYMBOL

Step 1: I use the grid and ruler to approximate my skecthes in adobe illustrator.

Step 2 : I drew the cone of the ice cream using with stroke 4pt and pen tool.

Step 3: I pen tool and line segment tool(\) to complete my melting ice cream look like.I also use the gradient to perfect my ice melt colour which is blue in colour.

Step 4: I added the earth melt look like on the ice melting to make it look like it melt together with ice so it looks like an ice cream.I used stroker of 4pt,pen and pencil tool and gradient colour too.

Step 5: I use pencil tools to make both eyes and also the eyebrows with stroke of 4pt.I use light brown colour for the eyes and i use round shape black in colour too.

Step 5: Last step is i use pencil tool to draw the mouth.I use pen tool and i edited the whole diagram with minus pen tool and gradient just to clear the shape of my melting ice cream of earth.

MY SKETCHES

My global warming skecthes is about ICE MELTING.I pictured how the earth will be if we as humanity doesn't help each other to save the world from sinking.I started doing research from google.com for ice melting and have some ideas to related it with ice cream because ice cream do melt too and so here are the skecthes i made...